"What is the change we want to see in the world, and how will that change happen?" These were the two rather intimidating questions we posed ourselves at the recent Transition Network Awaydays – our twice-yearly retreat for staff and board members. This post shares one piece of the our wide ranging exploration of theories of change, which looks at what it is about human beings that enables us to create healthy, sustainable, pleasurable ways of living – and why we often don’t.
We started with a very big map of change – and the understanding that the change Transition seeks is towards more “health” in every part of our system. We used the word health not just for our physical state of wellness, but applied to all the different parts of the huge system of which we’re a part. So it includes our mental or emotional as well as physical health, but also applies to larger scales – community or societal health, ecological health, planetary health, and so on.
We went on to look at a number of "Theories of Change", including the one below – which looks at how we can get stuck in an emergency state, and continually recreate stressful, unequal systems at all levels of scale.
Exploring Doing and Being
What follows is a really simplified version of a model which focuses on two aspects of human existence, Doing and Being. The model has lots of layers and facets. My intention isn’t to present something definitive or watertight, but to give an overview of something which I – and many I’ve shared it with – have found helpful. (See here for a video of me explaining this and another model of health / un-health at the Change Day in 2013)
Health = Balance and Flow
The first proposition of this model is that health for humans is a flow between two contrasting (not opposite) qualities of life. Some might call them archetypal qualities. Here are some words that describe them:
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Outer, Doing, Active, Will, Yang, Task-oriented |
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Inner, Being, Receptive, Love, Yin, Relationship-oriented |
So we might draw health as something like this:
You can see this natural rhythm resulting from our evolution in a world which has similar cycles – night and day, winter and summer. In fact we have nervous systems which regulate our bodies for both parts of the cycle – parasympathetic for the relaxing, digesting, inward part; the sympathetic nervous system for the active outer phase.
Resilience = Ability to bounce back to health
When we are resilient we can be stressed in this system and bounce back to health. A lot of neuroscience research recently has shown that there are a number of ways we can respond to stress. The sympathetic nervous system often goes into fight or flight response – the most well known. Peter Levine’s work with trauma shows animals and also humans can freeze when threatened. Our evolved response is to take action, and then to release the tension from the body – either through the running away or fighting, or by shaking out after the freeze response. We can then come back to the healthy flow between relaxation and action.
Out of balance = Unhealthy
However there are circumstances where we don’t come back naturally to that flow. One is where our stress response is overwhelmed by a major event – such as a physical attack, or being shamed in front of others (we respond to emotional attack as if it were physical – we don’t have a distinction in these parts of the brain).
The other is if we endure some kind of stress over long periods, where there isn’t time or space to recover and bounce back. It’s been shown that this kind of long term activation of the stress system can damage the immune system, leading to illness.
One of the areas of research is into early development of the stress response, showing that the brain wires up differently depending on genes as well as our early holding and relational field. Some people have an overactive stress response, triggering easily into highly active attack or withdrawal; others handle stress by feeling numb, having a low emotional tone.
When our capacity for coping with stress is overloaded over time we can get stuck in the physical, mental and emotional survival state. For some this is a driven need to keep going, for others this may be a place of collapse. It’s helpful to see that these two positions are the extremity or the distortion of the healthy qualities of activity and stillness, and the healthy emergency responses of fight / flight and freeze.
Recognising an unhealthy system
There are a number of features of a system – whether an individual or a group – that has reached this state of distorted polarity:
- Both polarised states become an identity, not just a response to circumstances. “We’re hard-working”, “I’m powerless”.
- The people in the active state will tend to run the system – because they have capacity to act and do things. The beliefs of this state become the cultural norm.
- The overactive state arises partly to avoid the difficult feelings created by being powerless in the face of circumstances of helplessness, overwhelm or despair. It’s kept going by its judgement of vulnerability. In our culture one example is shaming boys for being “like girls” if they show tenderness or vulnerability.
Bringing a polarised system back to flow and health
A system (a person, a group, organisation or society) which is stuck in the polarised positions can be helped in a number of ways:
- The first step is always to recognise the nature of the system – to step outside being identified with one side or the other. In a system of power it’s particularly important that those identified with the active side start to see how the system works.
- Creating real communication between those who are experiencing the disempowerment and those with power can help to put the two parts of the system back together– so both can own their power and their vulnerability. Methods like Process Oriented Psychology (Arnie Mindell’s work) do this.
- Strengthening qualities like kindness and compassion – asking those who are active to have a practice of compassion and kindness towards their own vulnerability, or those others who are less able than them. And similarly, those experiencing powerless are helped if they can see that those with more power are also trapped and disconnected from life.
- Providing all the things that were missing as the system moved into being overwhelmed – support, listening, empathy, empowerment, feeling resourced, connected and safe.
This is emotionally charged territory – the desire for power, and to dominate, may originally be a response to dealing with overwhelming stress or trauma, but often brutal systems of domination and exploitation result. If or when these are overthrown there is a moment where the roles can simply switch to another group dominating; or there is an opportunity for peace.
For any group of human beings, I would say that its ability to stay identified with the place of balance and flow, and the ability to step out of and recognise distorted belief systems, is the definition of health. Groups with this kind of health will have ways of recognising when the distortions are starting to arise, and bring the system back to balance. This is shown on the diagram with the eye – able to see both parts of the system, and bring them back into relationship with each other, back to balance and flow.
Social Technologies which support health
There are many social technologies which explicitly recognise our capacity to fall into traps of distorted beliefs and stay there, which have developed practices to correct or heal people who get trapped. A while ago I wrote about the Haudenonee Confederacy and their principles of peacemaking, which include operating from “Upright mind” rather than “Deteriorating mind”. In their councils they have someone with a role to stop the meeting if its state of mind starts to deteriorate. Quakers use gathered silence as a way to quiet the mind and come back to a state of open receptivity. Buddhism has a very precise explanation of the “poisons” of the mind – aversion, greed and illusion – and specific practices to come back to reality and health.
For me this is the first model I’ve found which really explains how “power over” systems arise – not because of some power hungry gene we have, or because hurting other people gives us a kick, but because we have a stress system that can gradually take us out of balance, until we don’t even know that our state is dysfunctional.
When I look at our society I see this system operating in many of our systems. I see it in our belief that we have to keep growing our economic activity – a compulsion to “do” more and more. I see it in our need for busyness, distraction, activity, to be constantly entertained. I see it in the difficulty we find when we do stop – how uncomfortable it feels, as all the feelings we’ve been keeping at bay rush in. Bi-polar disorder is a precise description of someone swinging between the two distortions of manic activity and depression, unable to reach balance.
Unhealth in the health service
I read a great article in last Saturday’s Guardian about doctors in the health service suffering from health problems – depression, anxiety, mental health problems including bi-polar disorder. The culture of the health service, like many of our workplaces, is that limits to work, vulnerability, illness, and human fallibility are unacceptable. This quote is from Clare Gerada of the Royal College of General Practitioners:
"An atmosphere of fear and uncertainty pervades the NHS, adding to doctors’ anxiety about being perceived as weak or unwell. Doctors do not find it easy to get the right help, even if it is available to them. Their problems are, Gerada says, deep-rooted, psychological and social, part of a stigma in the NHS attached to weakness, addiction or mental illness."
It’s as if the most extreme version of our medical model – that we are robots that need fixing when we break down – has been applied to doctors, who are expected to keep going without support for the extreme emotional challenge of their work, and often without enough time for proper rest.
Polarity in Movements for Positive Change
My enquiry into Doing and Being as a cause of unhealthy culture resulted in part from my experience and observations in the Transition movement, seeing how intense the drive to create change can be, and how easily that can tip us into a relentless urgent pressure to do. The scale of the change needed, the enormity of the consequences if we don’t succeed, and the emotional toll of working for something we care so deeply about all contribute to make Transition a compelling movement to keep on giving our time and energy to. The two main symptoms when we are doing too much are conflict – there’s not enough priority or time given to taking care of relationships – and burnout – when we’re just exhausted.
In Transition Network we took a look at our balance a few years ago, and as a result started to give more priority to Being. Here are some things we have in place that support Balance:
- Many staff have one to one professional mentors.
- Meetings usually start with a check-in, and include time to reflect on how the meeting went at the end. We’re adopting the National Hubs habit of appointing "Keepers of the time, record and heart". The "heart" keeper reflects if the meeting feels charged or needs a break!
- Staff meetings are alternately “doing” meetings, focusing on tasks, and “being” meetings, looking at how we are, our culture and communication, organisational dynamics. Awaydays provide a deeper and more spacious meeting time for everyone.
Reflecting on Balance
After reading this you might be interested to enquire into your own culture – in your group, or yourself. Here are some questions that might help (I’ve written them as if for a group – but you could just use them for your own life):
- How are we already creating balance and health? How do we pay attention to how we work, and strengthening relationships, as well as what we do? What kind of things give a healthy balance to tasks (creativity? play? music? nature? stillness? what else?) What would it be like to have more balance? Would it mean doing less? Or more? Would we be more effective?
- What happens when I/we feel vulnerable, tired or am finding things difficult? Is there time to really explore what’s going on?
- What’s our identity? What words describe how we see ourselves? What’s not us (start with the opposite of what you are1?). Can we find those opposites somewhere in who we really are? How does it feel to own that as well?
Since our Awaydays I’ve talked to a number of people about the Doing / Being way of looking at life, and been amazed at how many people are talking about it in some form. These same archetypal principles of human existence were explored on my psychosynthesis therapy training as Love and Will – leading to Being and Doing.. As my teacher used to say, Frank Sinatra got it right about what life’s really about, singing.. Do be do be doo…
